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A matsayin mafi mahimmancin ɓangaren fasahar Intanet na Abubuwa, UHF RFID alamun m an yi amfani da su sosai a cikin adadi mai yawa na aikace-aikace kamar kantin sayar da kayayyaki, kayan aiki da wuraren ajiya, wuraren adana littattafai, gano cutar jabu, da sauransu kawai a cikin 2021, duniya adadin jigilar kayayyaki ya fi biliyan 20.A cikin aikace-aikacen aikace-aikacen, menene ainihin guntu na alamar UHF RFID ta dogara da samar da wuta?

Halayen samar da wutar lantarki na UHF RFID m tag

1. Ƙarfin wutar lantarki mara waya

Watsawar wutar lantarki mara waya tana yin amfani da radiation electromagnetic mara waya don canja wurin makamashin lantarki daga wuri zuwa wani.Tsarin aiki shine canza ƙarfin lantarki zuwa ƙarfin mitar rediyo ta hanyar girgiza mitar rediyo, kuma ana juyar da ƙarfin mitar rediyo zuwa ƙarfin filin rediyo na lantarki ta hanyar eriya mai watsawa.Ƙarfin filin lantarki na rediyo yana yaduwa ta sararin samaniya kuma ya kai ga eriya mai karɓa, sa'an nan kuma an mayar da shi zuwa makamashin mitar rediyo ta hanyar eriyar karɓa, kuma igiyar ganowa ta zama makamashin DC.

A cikin 1896, Guglielmo Marchese Marconi ɗan Italiya ya ƙirƙira rediyon, wanda ya fahimci watsa siginar rediyo a sararin samaniya.A cikin 1899, Ba'amurke Nikola Tesla ya ba da shawarar yin amfani da watsa wutar lantarki mara igiyar waya, kuma ya kafa eriya wacce ke da tsayin mita 60, inductance ɗorewa a cikin botton, ƙarfin da aka ɗora a saman a Colorado, ta amfani da mitar 150kHz don shigar da 300kW na wutar lantarki.Yana watsa sama da nisa har zuwa 42km, kuma yana samun 10kW na ikon karɓar mara waya a ƙarshen karɓa.

UHF RFID m tag wutar lantarki ya bi wannan ra'ayin, kuma mai karatu yana ba da wutar lantarki ta hanyar mitar rediyo.Duk da haka, akwai babban bambanci tsakanin UHF RFID m tag wutar lantarki da kuma gwajin Tesla: mitar ya kusan sau dubu goma mafi girma, kuma an rage girman eriya da sau dubu.Tun da asarar watsawa mara waya ta yi daidai da murabba'in mita kuma daidai da murabba'in nisa, a bayyane yake cewa karuwar asarar watsawa yana da girma.Mafi sauƙaƙa yanayin yaɗa mara waya shine yaɗa sararin samaniya kyauta.Asarar yaduwa ta yi daidai da murabba'in nisan zangon yadawa kuma daidai da murabba'in nisa.Asarar yaɗuwar sararin samaniya kyauta shine LS=20lg(4πd/λ).Idan naúrar nisa d ta kasance m kuma naúrar mitar f shine MHz, to LS= -27.56+20lgd+20lgf.

Tsarin UHF RFID ya dogara ne akan tsarin watsa wutar lantarki mara waya.Alamar m ba ta da nata wutar lantarki.Yana buƙatar karɓar makamashin mitar rediyo da mai karatu ke fitarwa kuma ya kafa wutar lantarki ta DC ta hanyar gyaran wutar lantarki sau biyu, wanda ke nufin kafa wutar lantarki ta DC ta hanyar cajin cajin Dickson.

Matsakaicin nisa na sadarwa na mahaɗar iska ta UHF RFID an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar ƙarfin watsawa na mai karatu da ainihin asarar yaduwa a sararin samaniya.UHF band RFID mai karanta ikon watsa ikon yawanci iyakance ne zuwa 33dBm.Daga ainihin tsarin asarar yaɗuwa, yin watsi da duk wata yuwuwar asara, ana iya ƙididdige ƙarfin RF ɗin da ya kai alamar ta hanyar watsa wutar lantarki mara waya.Dangantakar da ke tsakanin nisa ta hanyar sadarwar iska ta UHF RFID da asarar yaduwa na asali da ikon RF da ke kai alamar ana nuna su a cikin tebur:

Ana iya gani daga tebur cewa watsa wutar lantarki mara waya ta UHF RFID yana da halayen babban asarar watsawa.Tun da RFID ya bi ka'idodin sadarwa na gajeriyar nisa na ƙasa, ikon watsawa na mai karatu yana da iyaka, don haka tag zai iya ba da ƙarancin wuta.Yayin da nisa na sadarwa ke ƙaruwa, ƙarfin mitar rediyo da aka karɓa ta hanyar lambar wucewa yana raguwa bisa ga mitar, kuma ƙarfin wutar lantarki yana raguwa da sauri.

2. Aiwatar da samar da wutar lantarki ta hanyar caji da kuma fitar da ma'aunin wutar lantarki a kan-chip

(1) Capacitor cajin da fitarwa halaye

Tambayoyi masu wucewa suna amfani da watsa wutar lantarki mara waya don samun kuzari, canza shi zuwa wutar lantarki ta DC, caji da adana masu ƙarfin guntu, sannan ba da wutar lantarki ta hanyar fitarwa.Sabili da haka, tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na tags masu wucewa shine tsarin cajin capacitor da fitarwa.Tsarin kafa tsarin caji ne mai tsabta, kuma tsarin samar da wutar lantarki shine fitarwa da ƙarin caji.Dole ne ƙarin cajin ya fara kafin wutar lantarki mai fitarwa ya kai mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na guntu.

(2) Capacitor cajin da fitarwa sigogi

1) Siffofin caji

Tsawon lokacin caji: τC=RC×C

Wutar lantarki:

caji na yanzu:

inda RC shine mai cajin caji kuma C shine capacitor na ajiyar makamashi.

2) sigogi na fitarwa

Tsawon lokacin fitarwa: τD=RD×C

Wutar lantarki:

Fitar da halin yanzu:

A cikin dabarar, RD shine juriya na fitarwa, kuma C shine ma'aunin ajiyar makamashi.

Abubuwan da ke sama suna nuna halayen samar da wutar lantarki na alamun m.Ba madaidaicin wutar lantarki ba ne kuma ba madaidaicin tushen yanzu ba, amma caji da cajin ƙarfin ajiyar makamashi.Lokacin da aka caje na'urar ajiyar makamashi akan guntu sama da ƙarfin ƙarfin aiki V0 na da'irar guntu, zai iya ba da wuta ga alamar.Lokacin da capacitor na ajiyar makamashi ya fara samar da wuta, ƙarfin wutar lantarki ya fara raguwa.Lokacin da ya faɗi ƙasa da guntu mai aiki da ƙarfin lantarki V0, ƙarfin ajiyar makamashi ya rasa ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki kuma guntu ba zai iya ci gaba da aiki ba.Don haka, alamar keɓancewar iska ya kamata ta sami isasshen ƙarfin yin cajin tag.

Ana iya ganin cewa yanayin samar da wutar lantarki na tags masu wucewa ya dace da halayen fasahohin sadarwa, kuma wutar lantarki na tags masu amfani kuma yana buƙatar goyon bayan ci gaba da caji.

3 Ma'auni na wadata da buƙata

Tushen cajin wutar lantarki wata hanya ce ta samar da wutar lantarki, kuma ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki da ke iyo ya dace da ƙarfin fitarwa.Amma dukkansu suna da matsala gama gari, wato, samar da wutar lantarki na UHF RFID tags masu wucewa yana buƙatar daidaita wadata da buƙata.

(1) Yanayin samar da wutar lantarki da buƙatu don fashe sadarwa

Daidaitaccen daidaitaccen ISO/IEC18000-6 na UHF RFID tags masu wucewa yana cikin fashe tsarin sadarwa.Don alamun m, ba a watsa sigina yayin lokacin karɓa.Kodayake lokacin amsawa yana karɓar raƙuman mai ɗauka, yana daidai da samun tushen oscillation, don haka ana iya la'akari da shi azaman aikin simplex.Hanya.Don wannan aikace-aikacen, idan ana amfani da lokacin karɓa azaman lokacin caji na capacitor na ajiyar makamashi, kuma lokacin amsawa shine lokacin fitarwa na capacitor ajiyar makamashi, daidai adadin caji da fitarwa don kiyaye daidaiton wadata da buƙata ya zama. yanayin da ake bukata don kula da aikin al'ada na tsarin.Ana iya sani daga tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na alamar UHF RFID da aka ambata a sama cewa samar da wutar lantarki ta UHF RFID ba ta dawwama ba ce ko tushen wutar lantarki akai-akai.Lokacin da aka yi cajin capacitor na ma'aunin kuzari zuwa ƙarfin lantarki sama da ƙarfin aiki na yau da kullun na kewaye, wutar lantarki ta fara;lokacin da aka fitar da capacitor na ma'ajin kuzari zuwa wani irin ƙarfin lantarki ƙasa da na yau da kullun na aiki na kewaye, ana dakatar da wutar lantarki.

Domin fashe sadarwa, kamar m tag UHF RFID iska dubawa, za a iya cajin cajin kafin tag aika da martani fashe, isa don tabbatar da cewa isashen wutar lantarki za a iya kiyaye har sai da mayar da martani.Don haka, baya ga isassun isassun hasken mitar rediyo da alamar za ta iya karɓa, ana kuma buƙatar guntu don samun isasshen ƙarfin kan-chip da isasshen lokacin caji.Hakanan dole ne a daidaita yawan wutar lantarki da lokacin amsa alamar.Saboda nisa tsakanin tag da mai karatu, lokacin amsa ya bambanta, yanki na ƙarfin ajiyar makamashi yana iyakance da sauran dalilai, yana iya zama da wahala a daidaita wadata da buƙata a cikin rarraba lokaci.

(2) Yanayin samar da wutar lantarki mai iyo don ci gaba da sadarwa

Don ci gaba da sadarwa, don kula da samar da wutar lantarki marar katsewa na capacitor na ajiyar makamashi, dole ne a sauke shi kuma a caje shi a lokaci guda, kuma saurin caji yayi kama da saurin fitarwa, wato, ana kiyaye ƙarfin wutar lantarki kafin. sadarwa ta ƙare.

M tag code rabo gane mitar rediyo ganewa da UHF RFID m tag na yanzu daidaitattun ISO/IEC18000-6 suna da halaye gama gari.Alamar da ke karɓar jihar yana buƙatar a soke shi kuma a canza shi, kuma ana buƙatar daidaita yanayin martani da aika.Saboda haka, ya kamata a tsara shi bisa ga ci gaba da sadarwa.Tag guntu tsarin samar da wutar lantarki.Domin yawan cajin ya kasance kama da yawan fitarwa, yawancin makamashin da aka samu ta alamar dole ne a yi amfani da shi don yin caji.

Raba albarkatun RF

1. RF gaban-karshen don m tags

Ba wai kawai ana amfani da tags masu wucewa azaman tushen wutar lantarki na tags da katunan waya zuwa makamashin mitar rediyo daga masu karatu ba, amma mafi mahimmanci, watsa siginar umarni daga mai karatu zuwa tag da kuma isar da siginar amsa daga alamar zuwa ga mai karatu. an gane ta hanyar watsa bayanai mara waya.Ya kamata a raba makamashin mitar rediyo da alamar ta samu zuwa sassa uku, waɗanda ake amfani da su bi da bi don guntu don kafa wutar lantarki, rage siginar (ciki har da siginar umarni da agogon aiki tare) da samar da mai ɗaukar hoto.

Yanayin aiki na daidaitaccen daidaitaccen UHF RFID yana da halaye masu zuwa: tashar tashar ƙasa tana ɗaukar yanayin watsa shirye-shirye, kuma tashar tashar sama tana ɗaukar yanayin raba alamar tagulla guda ɗaya amsa jerin tashoshi.Saboda haka, dangane da watsa bayanai, yana cikin yanayin aiki mai sauƙi.Duk da haka, tun da tag ɗin kanta ba zai iya samar da mai ɗaukar hoto ba, amsa alamar yana buƙatar samar da mai ɗaukar hoto tare da taimakon mai karatu.Don haka, lokacin da alamar ta ba da amsa, gwargwadon yanayin aikawa, duka ƙarshen sadarwar suna cikin yanayin aiki mai duplex.

A cikin jihohi daban-daban na aiki, sassan da aka sanya wa tambarin aiki sun bambanta, kuma ƙarfin da ake buƙata don na'urori daban-daban suyi aiki daban.Duk ƙarfin yana zuwa daga ƙarfin mitar rediyo da aka karɓa ta alamar.Sabili da haka, ya zama dole don sarrafa rarrabawar makamashi na RF daidai kuma lokacin da ya dace.

2. Aikace-aikacen makamashi na RF a cikin lokutan aiki daban-daban

Lokacin da alamar ta shiga filin RF na mai karatu kuma ta fara haɓaka wutar lantarki, komai siginar da mai karatu ya aiko a wannan lokacin, alamar za ta ba da duk makamashin RF da aka karɓa zuwa da'ira mai daidaita wutar lantarki sau biyu don cajin ƙarfin ajiyar makamashin kan-chip. , ta haka ne aka kafa wutar lantarki ta guntu.

Lokacin da mai karatu ya watsa siginar umarni, siginar watsa mai karanta siginar sigina ce ta bayanan umarni da girman da aka daidaita ta hanyar jeri na bakan.Akwai abubuwan haɗin ɗauka da abubuwan haɗin gefen gefe masu wakiltar bayanan umarni da yada jerin bakan a cikin siginar da aka karɓa ta alamar.Jimillar makamashi, makamashi mai ɗaukar kaya, da abubuwan haɗin gefen siginar da aka karɓa suna da alaƙa da daidaitawa.A wannan lokacin, ana amfani da sashin daidaitawa don watsa bayanan aiki tare na umarni da jeri na bakan bakan, kuma ana amfani da jimillar makamashi don cajin ma'ajiyar makamashin kan-chip, wanda a lokaci guda ya fara ba da wutar lantarki ga kan-guntu. da'irar hakar aiki tare da rukunin da'irar da'irar siginar umarni.Don haka, a lokacin lokacin da mai karatu ya aika umarni, ana amfani da makamashin mitar rediyo da aka karɓa ta alamar don ci gaba da caji, cire siginar aiki tare, ragewa da gano siginar koyarwa.The tag makamashi ajiya capacitor yana cikin iyo a yanayin samar da wutar lantarki.

Lokacin da alamar ta ba da amsa ga mai karatu, siginar da aka watsa na mai karatu sigina ce da aka daidaita ta wurin girman agogon bakan bakan bakan bakan guntu na guntu mai ƙima.A cikin siginar da aka karɓa ta alamar, akwai abubuwan haɗin ɗaukar hoto da abubuwan haɗin gefen gefe waɗanda ke wakiltar agogon ƙaramin adadin guntu bakan.A wannan lokacin, ana amfani da sashin daidaitawa don watsa ƙimar guntu da ƙimar bayanan agogo na jeri na bakan, kuma ana amfani da jimillar makamashi don cajin ma'ajiyar makamashin kan-chip da daidaita bayanan da aka karɓa da aika amsa ga mai karatu.Da'irar hakar aiki tare da guntu da na'ura mai daidaita siginar amsawa suna ba da wutar lantarki.Don haka, a lokacin lokacin da mai karatu ya karɓi amsa, alamar tana karɓar ƙarfin mitar rediyo kuma ana amfani da alamar don ci gaba da caji, ana fitar da siginar aiki tare da guntu kuma ana daidaita bayanan amsa kuma a aika da amsa.The tag makamashi ajiya capacitor yana cikin iyo a yanayin samar da wutar lantarki.

A takaice, ban da alamar da ke shiga filin RF mai karatu da kuma fara kafa lokacin samar da wutar lantarki, alamar za ta ba da duk makamashin RF da aka karɓa zuwa da'ira mai daidaita wutar lantarki mai ninki biyu don cajin na'urar ajiyar makamashin kan-chip, ta haka za a kafa. wani guntu wutar lantarki.Daga baya, alamar tana fitar da aiki tare daga siginar mitar rediyo da aka karɓa, tana aiwatar da lalatawar umarni, ko daidaitawa da watsa bayanan amsawa, waɗanda duk suna amfani da ƙarfin mitar rediyo da aka karɓa.

3. RF makamashi bukatun ga daban-daban aikace-aikace

(1) Abubuwan buƙatun makamashi na RF don watsa wutar lantarki mara waya

Canja wurin wutar lantarki mara waya yana tabbatar da samar da wutar lantarki don alamar, don haka yana buƙatar duka isasshen ƙarfin lantarki don fitar da da'irar guntu, da isasshen ƙarfi da ci gaba da samar da wutar lantarki.

Samar da wutar lantarki na watsa wutar lantarki shine kafa wutar lantarki ta hanyar karɓar ƙarfin filin RF na mai karantawa da haɓaka ƙarfin lantarki sau biyu lokacin da alamar ba ta da wutar lantarki.Don haka, ana iyakance hankalinsa ta hanyar juzu'in ƙarfin lantarki na bututun ganowa na gaba-gaba.Don kwakwalwan kwamfuta na CMOS, karɓar azancin ƙarfin lantarki ninki biyu gyare-gyare yana Tsakanin -11 da -0.7dBm, shine ƙaƙƙarfan alamomin m.

(2) Abubuwan buƙatun makamashi na RF don gano siginar da aka karɓa

Yayin da gyaran wutar lantarki sau biyu ke tabbatar da samar da wutar lantarki, alamar tana buƙatar raba wani yanki na ƙarfin mitar rediyo da aka karɓa don samar da da'irar gano sigina, gami da gano siginar umarni da gano agogon aiki tare.Saboda ana yin siginar siginar a ƙarƙashin yanayin cewa an samar da wutar lantarki ta alamar, ƙaddamarwar haɓaka ba ta iyakance ta juzu'in ƙarfin lantarki na bututun ganowa na gaba-gaba, don haka hankalin karɓar ya fi ƙarfin mara waya. watsa yana karɓar hankali, kuma yana cikin gano girman siginar, kuma babu buƙatar ƙarfin ƙarfi.

(3) Abubuwan buƙatun makamashi na RF don amsa tag

Lokacin da alamar ta amsa aikawa, ban da gano agogon aiki tare, kuma yana buƙatar yin juzu'i-PSK modulation akan mai ɗaukar hoto (wanda ya ƙunshi ambulaf ɗin ƙirar agogo) kuma ya gane watsawar baya.A wannan lokacin, ana buƙatar wani matakin wutar lantarki, kuma ƙimarsa ya dogara da nisan mai karatu zuwa tag da hankalin mai karatu don karɓa.Tun da yanayin aiki na mai karatu yana ba da damar yin amfani da ƙira masu rikitarwa, mai karɓar zai iya aiwatar da ƙirar gaba-ƙasa mara ƙarancin hayaniya, kuma lambar rabe-raben mitar rediyo yana amfani da ƙirar bakan bakan, kazalika da yada bakan riba da ribar tsarin PSK. , ana iya tsara hankalin mai karatu don ya zama babba.Don haka an rage abubuwan da ake buƙata don siginar dawowar alamar.

A taƙaice, ana keɓance ƙarfin mitar rediyo da alamar ta ke karɓa a matsayin wutar lantarki ta hanyar watsa wutar lantarki mai sau biyu mai daidaita kuzari, sannan ana ware adadin daidai adadin matakin gano siginar alama da adadin da ya dace na dawo da kuzarin daidaitawa don cimma ingantaccen makamashi. rarrabawa da kuma tabbatar da ci gaba da cajin ƙarfin ajiyar makamashi.shi ne mai yiwuwa kuma m zane.

Ana iya ganin cewa ƙarfin mitar rediyon da aka karɓa ta tags na sirri yana da buƙatun aikace-aikace daban-daban, don haka ana buƙatar ƙirar rarraba wutar lantarki;Abubuwan buƙatun aikace-aikacen makamashin mitar rediyo a cikin lokutan aiki daban-daban sun bambanta, don haka wajibi ne a sami ƙirar rarraba wutar lantarki gwargwadon bukatun lokutan aiki daban-daban;Aikace-aikace daban-daban suna da buƙatu daban-daban don makamashin RF, daga cikinsu watsawar wutar lantarki na buƙatar mafi ƙarfi, don haka rabon wutar RF yakamata ya mai da hankali kan buƙatun watsa wutar lantarki.

UHF RFID alamun m suna amfani da watsa wutar lantarki mara waya don kafa alamar wutar lantarki.Saboda haka, ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki yana da ƙasa sosai kuma ƙarfin wutar lantarki yana da rauni sosai.Dole ne a tsara guntuwar alamar tare da ƙarancin wutar lantarki.Ana amfani da da'irar guntu ta hanyar yin caji da yin cajin ma'ajin ajiyar makamashi akan guntu.Sabili da haka, don tabbatar da ci gaba da aiki na alamar, dole ne a ci gaba da caja mai ƙarfin ajiyar makamashi.Ƙarfin mitar rediyo da aka karɓa ta alamar yana da aikace-aikace daban-daban guda uku: gyaran wutar lantarki sau biyu don samar da wutar lantarki, karɓar siginar umarni da ƙaddamarwa, da daidaita siginar amsawa da watsawa.Daga cikin su, karɓar jin daɗin ƙarfin lantarki-biyu gyare-gyare yana iyakance ta hanyar juzu'in ƙarfin lantarki na diode mai gyara, wanda ya zama haɗin iska.kwalbar kwalba.Saboda wannan dalili, liyafar sigina da lalatawa da daidaita siginar amsawa da watsawa sune ayyuka na asali waɗanda tsarin RFID dole ne su tabbatar.Ƙarfin ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki na alamar mai gyara wutar lantarki sau biyu, mafi ƙarancin gasa samfurin.Sabili da haka, ma'auni don rarraba makamashin RF da aka karɓa a cikin ƙirar tsarin alamar shine ƙara yawan samar da wutar lantarki ta RF ta hanyar gyaran wutar lantarki mai ninki biyu gwargwadon yiwuwar tabbatar da lalata siginar da aka karɓa da kuma watsa martani. sigina.