Akụkọ

Dị ka akụkụ kachasị mkpa nke teknụzụ ịntanetị na-agafe agafe, UHF RFID pasive mkpado ejirila ọtụtụ ngwa dị ka ụlọ ahịa azụmaahịa, ngwa ahịa na ụlọ nkwakọba ihe, ebe nchekwa akwụkwọ, traceability mgbochi adịgboroja, wdg naanị na 2021, zuru ụwa ọnụ. ego mbupu karịrị ijeri iri abụọ.N'ime ngwa bara uru, kedu ihe mgbawa nke mkpado UHF RFID na-adabere na ịnye ike?

Njirimara ọkọnọ ike nke mkpado pasive UHF RFID

1. Kwadoro site na ikuku ikuku

Nfefe ikuku ikuku na-eji radieshon ikuku ikuku na-ebufe ike eletrik site n'otu ebe gaa n'ọzọ.Usoro a na-arụ ọrụ bụ ịtụgharị ike eletrik ka ọ bụrụ ike redio site na oscillation ugboro redio, a na-atụgharịkwa ike ugboro redio ka ọ bụrụ ike redio electromagnetic site na antenna na-ebufe.Ike ikuku electromagnetic redio na-agbasa site na oghere wee rute antenna nnata, wee tụgharịa ya na ike ugboro redio site na antenna nnata, ikuku nchọta na-aghọ ike DC.

N'afọ 1896, Guglielmo Marchese Marconi nke Ịtali chepụtara redio, bụ nke ghọtara mgbasa ozi redio n'ofe mbara igwe.N'afọ 1899, American Nikola Tesla tụpụtara echiche nke iji nnyefe ike ikuku, wee guzobe antenna nke dị elu 60m, inductance nke a na-etinye na botton, ikike dị n'elu na Colorado, na-eji ugboro 150kHz iji tinye 300kW ike.Ọ na-ebufe n'ebe dị anya ruo 42km, wee nweta 10kW nke ikuku ikuku na njedebe nnata.

UHF RFID passive mkpado ike ọkọnọ na-agbaso echiche a, onye na-agụ na-enye ike na mkpado site na ugboro redio.Otú ọ dị, e nwere nnukwu ọdịiche dị n'etiti UHF RFID passive mkpado ike ọkọnọ na ule Tesla: ugboro ole fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ugboro puku iri dị elu, na antenna na-ebelata otu puku ugboro.Ebe ọ bụ na ọnwụ nnyefe ikuku na-adaba na square nke ugboro ugboro na nha nha nha nke anya, o doro anya na mmụba nke nkwụsị nnyefe dị ukwuu.Ụdị mgbasa ozi ikuku kacha dị mfe bụ ịgbasa oghere n'efu.Ọnwụ mgbasa na-adaba n'akụkụ akụkụ nke ogologo wave ogologo na nha nha na square nke dị anya.Ọnwụ mgbasa na-enweghị ohere bụ LS=20lg(4πd/λ).Ọ bụrụ na nkeji nke dị anya d bụ ​​m na nkeji nke ugboro f bụ MHz, mgbe ahụ LS= -27.56+20lgd+20lgf.

Usoro UHF RFID dabere na usoro nnyefe ike ikuku.Mkpado pasive enweghị ike ọkọnọ nke ya.Ọ kwesịrị ịnata ike ugboro redio nke onye na-agụ na-ewepụta ma guzobe ọkụ ọkụ DC site na mgbazi voltaji okpukpu abụọ, nke pụtara guzobe ọkụ ọkụ DC site na mgbapụta ụgwọ Dickson.

A na-ekpebi ebe nzikọrịta ozi ọdabara nke UHF RFID ikuku interface site na ike nnyefe nke onye na-agụ ya na mfu mgbasa ozi bụ isi na oghere.UHF band RFID agụ na-ebunye ike na-ejedebe na 33dBm.Site na usoro mfu mgbasa ozi bụ isi, na-eleghara mfu ọ bụla ọzọ enwere ike, enwere ike gbakọọ ike RF iru mkpado site na nnyefe ike ikuku.Mmekọrịta dị n'etiti anya nkwukọrịta nke ikuku ikuku UHF RFID na mfu mgbasa ozi na ike RF na-erute mkpado ka egosiri na tebụl:

Enwere ike ịhụ site na tebụl na nnyefe ikuku ikuku UHF RFID nwere njirimara nke nnukwu nkwụsị nnyefe.Ebe ọ bụ na RFID na-akwado iwu nkwurịta okwu dị mkpirikpi nke mba, ike nnyefe nke onye na-agụ ya nwere oke, ya mere mkpado ahụ nwere ike inye ike dị ala.Ka anya nkwurịta okwu na-abawanye, ike ugboro redio enwetara site na mkpado pasive na-ebelata ka ugboro ole, na ike ọkọnọ na-ebelata ngwa ngwa.

2. Tinye ọkụ eletrik site na ịchaji na ịchaji na-echekwa ike nchekwa ike

(1) Capacitor ụgwọ na mwepụ àgwà

Mkpado na-agafe agafe na-eji nnyefe ikuku ikuku nweta ume, gbanwee ya ka ọ bụrụ voltaji DC, kwụọ ụgwọ ma chekwaa capacitors na mgbawa, wee nye ike na ibu site na mwepụ.Ya mere, usoro inyefe ọkụ nke mkpado na-agafe agafe bụ usoro nke capacitor chaja na ịwụnye.Usoro nguzobe bụ usoro nchaji dị ọcha, na usoro inye ọkụ bụ usoro nkwụsị na mgbakwunye mgbakwunye.Nchaji mgbakwunye ga-amalite tupu voltaji mwepu erute voltaji ọkọnọ kacha nta nke mgbawa.

(2) Capacitor ụgwọ na mwepụ kwa parameters

1) Ịchaji paramita

Ogologo oge ịchaji: τC=RC×C

Ịchaji voltaji:

chaja ugbu a:

ebe RC bụ onye na-ebufe chaja na C bụ ihe nchekwa nchekwa ike.

2) paramita mkpofu

Ogologo oge mkpofu: τD=RD×C

voltaji mgbapu:

Mbupu ugbu a:

N'ime usoro a, RD bụ nguzogide mwepu, yana C bụ ihe nchekwa nchekwa ike.

Nke a dị n'elu na-egosi njirimara ọkụ ọkụ nke mkpado na-agafe agafe.Ọ bụghị isi iyi voltaji na-adịgide adịgide ma ọ bụ isi iyi dị ugbu a, kama ọ na-ebufe na ịchaji nke ike nchekwa nchekwa ike.Mgbe a na-ebubo capacitor nchekwa ike on-chip n'elu V0 voltaji na-arụ ọrụ nke mgbawa mgbawa, ọ nwere ike ịnye ike na mkpado.Mgbe ike nchekwa capacitor na-amalite inye ike, voltaji ike ya na-amalite ịdaba.Mgbe ọ dara n'okpuru mgbawa arụ ọrụ voltaji V0, ike nchekwa capacitor na-atụfu ike ọkọnọ ike ya na mgbawa enweghị ike ịga n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ.Ya mere, mkpado ikuku ikuku kwesịrị inwe ikike zuru oke iji fanye mkpado ahụ.

Enwere ike ịhụ na ụdị ọkụ ọkụ nke mkpado ndị na-agafe agafe dị mma maka njirimara nke nkwurịta okwu gbawara agbawa, na ike ọkụ nke mkpado mkpado na-achọkwa nkwado nke chaja na-aga n'ihu.

3 Ntụle nke ọkọnọ na ọchịchọ

Ọkụ na-ebunye ọkụ na-ese n'elu mmiri bụ ụzọ ọkụ ọkụ ọzọ, na ike ịchaji na-ese n'elu mmiri na-adaba na ike ịgbasa.Mana ha niile nwere nsogbu a na-enwekarị, ya bụ, ike ọkọnọ UHF RFID mkpado pasive kwesịrị iji dozie ọkọnọ na ọchịchọ.

(1) Ọnọdụ ọkọnọ ike na-eweta na ịchọ nguzozi maka nzikọrịta ozi gbawara agbawa

Ọkọlọtọ ISO/IEC18000-6 dị ugbu a nke mkpado pasive UHF RFID bụ nke sistemụ nkwukọrịta gbawara agbawa.Maka mkpado na-agafe agafe, ọ nweghị mgbaama anaghị ebufe n'oge nnata.Ọ bụ ezie na oge nzaghachi na-enweta ebili mmiri na-ebu ibu, ọ bụ ihe nhata iji nweta isi iyi oscillation, ya mere enwere ike iwere ya dị ka ọrụ simplex.Ụzọ.Maka ngwa a, ọ bụrụ na a na-eji oge nnata dị ka oge nchaji nke ike nchekwa nchekwa ike, na oge nzaghachi bụ oge nkwụsị nke ike nchekwa ike, nha nha nke ụgwọ na nkwụsị iji nọgide na-enwe nguzozi nke ọkọnọ na ọchịchọ na-aghọ. ọnọdụ dị mkpa iji nọgide na-arụ ọrụ nkịtị nke usoro ahụ.Enwere ike mara ya site na usoro inye ọkụ nke akara ngosi UHF RFID a kpọtụrụ aha n'elu na ike ọkọnọ nke UHF RFID pasive mkpado abụghị isi iyi ugbu a ma ọ bụ isi iyi voltaji na-adịgide adịgide.Mgbe mkpado ike nchekwa capacitor na-ebubo na voltaji dị elu karịa nkịtị voltaji na-arụ ọrụ nke sekit, ike ọkọnọ na-amalite;mgbe mkpado ike nchekwa capacitor na-ahapụ na voltaji dị ala karịa nkịtị voltaji arụ ọrụ nke sekit, ike ọkọnọ kwụsịrị.

Maka nkwurịta okwu gbawara agbawa, dị ka mkpado UHF RFID ikuku ikuku, enwere ike ịfe ụgwọ ahụ tupu mkpado ahụ ezipụ nzaghachi nzaghachi, zuru ezu iji hụ na enwere ike idowe voltaji zuru oke ruo mgbe nzaghachi gwụchara.Ya mere, na mgbakwunye na ike zuru oke radieshon redio nke mkpado nwere ike ịnata, a na-achọkwara mgbawa ahụ ka ọ nwee nnukwu ike na mgbawa na ogologo oge chaja.Mkpado nzaghachi ike na oge nzaghachi ga-emegharịrịrị.N'ihi anya dị n'etiti mkpado na onye na-agụ ya, oge nzaghachi dị iche iche, mpaghara nke ike nchekwa ike na-ejedebe na ihe ndị ọzọ, ọ nwere ike isi ike ịhazi ihe na-achọsi ike na nkewa oge.

(2) Ọnọdụ ọkụ na-ese n'elu mmiri maka nkwurịta okwu na-aga n'ihu

Maka nkwurịta okwu na-aga n'ihu, iji nọgide na-enwe ike na-adịghị akwụsị akwụsị nke ike nchekwa capacitor, a ghaghị ịwepụ ya ma kwụọ ụgwọ n'otu oge ahụ, na ọsọ ọsọ na-agba ọsọ yiri ọsọ ọsọ, ya bụ, a na-edobe ike inye ike tupu oge eruo. nzikọrịta ozi akwụsị.

Passive mkpado koodu nkewa ugboro njirimara redio na UHF RFID pasive mkpado ugbu a ọkọlọtọ ISO/IEC18000-6 nwere ihe jikọrọ ọnụ.Mkpado steeti na-anata kwesịrị ka ewepụ ya na decoded, yana steeti nzaghachi kwesịrị ịgbanwe ma zipụ ya.Ya mere, ekwesịrị ime ya dịka nkwurịta okwu na-aga n'ihu.Tag mgbawa ike ọkọnọ usoro.Ka ọnụego nchaji wee yie ọnụego mwepu, a ga-ejirịrị ọtụtụ ike enwetara site na mkpado maka chajị.

Ekekọrịtara akụrụngwa RF

1. RF n'ihu-ọgwụgwụ maka mkpado na-agafe agafe

A na-eji mkpado na-agafe agafe ọ bụghị naanị dị ka isi iyi ike nke mkpado na akwụkwọ ozi na ike redio site n'aka ndị na-agụ ya, ma nke ka mkpa, nnyefe ntụziaka ntụziaka site na onye na-agụ ya gaa na mkpado na mgbasa ozi nzaghachi site na mkpado gaa na onye na-agụ bụ. enwetara site na nnyefe data ikuku.Ekwesịrị kewaa ike ugboro redio enwetara site na mkpado ụzọ atọ, nke a na-eji otu n'otu maka mgbawa iji guzobe ọkụ, mebie akara ngosi (gụnyere akara iwu na elekere mmekọrịta) wee nye onye na-ebu nzaghachi.

Ụdị ọrụ nke ọkọlọtọ UHF RFID dị ugbu a nwere njirimara ndị a: ọwa downlink na-anabata usoro mgbasa ozi, na ọwa uplink na-anabata usoro nkekọrịta ọtụtụ mkpado otu ọwa usoro nzaghachi.Ya mere, n'ihe gbasara nnyefe ozi, ọ bụ nke usoro ọrụ simplex.Otú ọ dị, ebe ọ bụ na mkpado ahụ n'onwe ya enweghị ike ịnye onye na-ebufe nnyefe, nzaghachi mkpado kwesịrị inye onye na-ebu ya aka nke onye na-agụ ya.Ya mere, mgbe mkpado na-azaghachi, dị ka ọnọdụ na-ezigara ya, njedebe abụọ nke nkwurịta okwu dị na ọnọdụ ọrụ duplex.

Na steeti dị iche iche na-arụ ọrụ, nkeji sekit etinyere na mkpado ahụ dị iche, na ike achọrọ maka nkeji sekit dị iche iche na-arụ ọrụ dịkwa iche.Ike niile sitere na ike ugboro redio enwetara site na mkpado.Ya mere, ọ dị mkpa ijikwa ikesa ike RF n'ụzọ ezi uche dị na ya na mgbe ọ dị mma.

2. Ngwa ike RF na oge ọrụ dị iche iche

Mgbe mkpado ahụ batara n'ọhịa RF nke onye na-agụ wee malite ịmalite ike, n'agbanyeghị akara ọ bụla onye na-agụ na-ezitere n'oge a, mkpado ahụ ga-enye ike RF niile enwetara na sekit rectifier voltaji-okpukpu abụọ iji chajịa on-chip ike nchekwa capacitor. , si otú ahụ guzobe ike mgbawa.

Mgbe onye na-agụ na-ebufe mgbaama iwu, mgbama mgbasa ozi nke onye na-agụ bụ mgbaama nke data iwu na njupụta gbanwetụrụ site na usoro mgbasa ozi.Enwere ihe ndị na-ebu ibu na akụkụ akụkụ akụkụ na-anọchite anya data iwu yana gbasaa usoro dị iche iche na mgbama natara site na mkpado ahụ.Mkpokọta ike, ike ebu, na akụkụ akụkụ nke mgbama anatara metụtara mgbanwe.N'oge a, a na-eji akụkụ modulation na-ebufe ozi mmekọrịta nke iwu ahụ na usoro mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi, na ike zuru ezu na-eji chaja na-na-chip ike nchekwa capacitor, nke na-amalite n'otu oge na-enye ike na on-chip. sekit mmịpụta mmekọrịta yana nkeji sekit demodulation akara iwu.Ya mere, n'ime oge mgbe onye na-agụ na-ezipụ ntụziaka, a na-eji ike redio enwetara site na mkpado maka mkpado ahụ ka ọ nọgide na-akwụ ụgwọ, wepụ mgbaàmà mmekọrịta, gbanwee ma chọpụta mgbaàmà ntụziaka.The mkpado nchekwa ike capacitor dị na ese n'elu ụgwọ ọkụ steeti.

Mgbe mkpado na-aza onye na-agụ ya, mgbama na-ebufe nke onye na-agụ bụ ihe mgbaàmà na-agbanwe site na njupụta nke mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi na-agbasa spectrum chip rate sub-rate clock.Na mgbama natara site na mkpado ahụ, e nwere ihe ndị na-ebu ibu na akụkụ eriri akụkụ na-anọchi anya elekere ọnụego mgbawa mgbasa ozi.N'oge a, a na-eji akụrụngwa modulation na-ebunye ọnụego mgbawa na ozi elekere nke usoro mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi, na mkpokọta ike a na-eji chajịa nchekwa nchekwa ike na mgbawa ma gbanwee data enwetara wee ziga nzaghachi na onye na-agụ.Mgbawa mmịpụta mmịpụta mgbawa na mgbama mgbama modulation sekit unit na-enye ike.Ya mere, n'ime oge mgbe onye na-agụ na-enweta nzaghachi, mkpado ahụ na-enweta ike redio ugboro ugboro ma jiri ya mee ihe maka mkpado ahụ ka ọ nọgide na-ebufe, a na-ewepụta mgbaàmà mmekọrịta mgbawa ma gbanwee data nzaghachi ma zipụ nzaghachi.The mkpado nchekwa ike capacitor dị na ese n'elu ụgwọ ọkụ steeti.

Na nkenke, na mgbakwunye na mkpado na-abanye na mpaghara RF nke onye na-agụ wee malite ịmalite oge ọkụ ọkụ, mkpado ahụ ga-enye ike RF niile anatara na sekit rectifier voltaji-okpukpu iji chajịa ike nchekwa nchekwa on-chip, si otú ahụ guzobe ike. a mgbawa ike ọkọnọ.Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, mkpado ahụ na-ewepụta mmekọrịta site na mgbama ugboro redio enwetara, na-emejuputa iwu demodulation, ma ọ bụ gbanwee ma na-ebufe data nzaghachi, nke niile na-eji ike ugboro redio enwetara.

3. RF ume chọrọ maka ngwa dị iche iche

(1) Ike RF chọrọ maka nnyefe ike ikuku

Ikuku ike nyefe guzosie ike ọkọnọ maka mkpado, otú ọ na-achọ ma zuru ezu voltaji na-anya mgbawa sekit, na ike zuru ezu na-aga n'ihu ike ọkọnọ ike.

Ike ọkọnọ nke nnyefe ike ikuku bụ iji guzobe ọkụ site na ịnweta ike mpaghara RF nke onye na-agụ na voltaji na-emegharị ugboro abụọ mgbe mkpado enweghị ike.Ya mere, mmetụta nnabata ya na-ejedebe site na nkwụsị voltaji nke tube diode nchọpụta n'ihu.Maka ibe CMOS, nnabata nke mgbazi voltaji okpukpu abụọ bụ N'etiti -11 na -0.7dBm, ọ bụ obere mkpado na-agafe agafe.

(2) Ike RF chọrọ maka nchọpụta mgbaama natara

Ọ bụ ezie na ngbanwe voltaji okpukpu abụọ na-ewepụta ike mgbawa, mkpado kwesịrị kewaa akụkụ nke ike ugboro redio enwetara iji nye sekit nchọpụta mgbama, gụnyere nchọpụta mgbaàmà iwu na nchọpụta elekere gakọrịta.N'ihi na a na-eme nchọpụta mgbaàmà n'okpuru ọnọdụ na ike na-enye ike nke mkpado ahụ eguzobela, mmetụta nke demodulation adịghị ejedebe site na nkwụsị voltaji nke tube nchọpụta diode n'ihu, ya mere nnabata nnabata dị elu karịa ike ikuku. nnyefe na-enweta uche, ma ọ bụ nke nchọta njupụta mgbaàmà, na enweghị ike ike chọrọ.

(3) RF ike chọrọ maka nzaghachi mkpado

Mgbe mkpado na-anabata izipu, na mgbakwunye na ịchọpụta elekere synchronous, ọ dịkwa mkpa ka ọ rụọ pseudo-PSK modulation na ụgbọelu enwetara (nwere envelopu modulation elekere) wee ghọta ntụgharị ntụgharị.N'oge a, a chọrọ ụfọdụ ike larịị, na uru ya dabere na anya nke onye na-agụ na mkpado na uche nke onye na-agụ na-enweta.Ebe ọ bụ na ebe ọrụ nke onye na-agụ na-enye ohere iji atụmatụ ndị ọzọ dị mgbagwoju anya, onye na-anabata ya nwere ike mejuputa nhazi ihu na-adịghị ala ala, na koodu nkewa redio ugboro ugboro na-eji modul dị iche iche gbasaa, yana gbasaa uru dị iche iche na uru usoro PSK. , enwere ike ịmepụta uche nke onye na-agụ ya ka ọ dị elu.Nke mere na ihe ndị a chọrọ maka mgbama nloghachi nke akara ahụ na-ebelata nke ọma.

N'ịchịkọta, ike ugboro redio natara site na mkpado bụ tumadi ekenye dị ka ikuku ike nnyefe voltaji doubler rectification ume, na mgbe ahụ kwesịrị ekwesị ego nke mkpado mgbaàmà nchọpụta larịị na kwesịrị ekwesị ego nke nloghachi modulation ume na-ekenye iji nweta ezi uche ike. nkesa ma hụ na ị na-akwụ ụgwọ na-aga n'ihu nke capacitor nchekwa ike.bụ ihe nwere ike ime na ezi uche.

Enwere ike ịhụ na ike ugboro redio natara site na mkpado passive nwere ngwa dị iche iche chọrọ, yabụ achọrọ nhazi nkesa ike redio;ngwa chọrọ nke ike redio ugboro ugboro n'oge ọrụ dị iche iche dị iche iche, ya mere ọ dị mkpa inwe nhazi nkesa ike redio dị ka mkpa nke oge ọrụ dị iche iche si dị;Ngwa dị iche iche nwere ihe dị iche iche chọrọ maka ike RF, n'ime nke nnyefe ike ikuku chọrọ ike kachasị, ya mere oke ike RF kwesịrị ilekwasị anya na mkpa nke nnyefe ike ikuku.

UHF RFID mkpado passive na-eji nnyefe ike ikuku wee guzobe ike mkpado.Ya mere, ike ọkụ ọkụ na-arụ ọrụ dị oke ala na ike inye ike adịghị ike.Ekwesịrị iji ike dị ala mepụta mgbawa mkpado.A na-akwado sekit mgbawa site na ịchaji na ịchaji capacitor nchekwa ike na mgbawa.Ya mere, iji hụ na arụ ọrụ nke labelụ na-aga n'ihu, a ga-ebuba capacitor ike ike mgbe niile.Ike ugboro redio enwetara site na mkpado nwere ngwa atọ dị iche iche: mgbazi voltaji-okpukpu maka inye ọkụ, nnabata akara ngosi na demodulation, na mgbanwe mgbama nzaghachi na nnyefe.N'ime ha, nnabata nnabata nke mgbazi voltaji-okpukpu abụọ na-ejedebe site na ntinye voltaji nke diode rectifier, nke na-aghọ ikuku ikuku.ọkpọ ọkpọ.N'ihi nke a, nnabata mgbaàmà na demodulation na mgbama mgbama mgbanwe na nnyefe bụ ọrụ bụ isi nke usoro RFID ga-ahụrịrị.Ka ike ọkọnọ ike nke mkpado rectifier voltaji doubler, ka ngwaahịa ahụ na-asọ mpi.Ya mere, njiri mara maka ikesa ike RF enwetara na nhazi nke sistemu mkpado bụ ịbawanye ike nke RF site na nrụzi voltaji doubler dị ka o kwere mee n'echiche nke ịgba mbọ hụ na nbibi nke akara anatara na nnyefe nke nzaghachi. mgbaàmà.