Sechikamu chakakosha cheInternet yeZvinhu tekinoroji, UHF RFID passive tags yakashandiswa zvakanyanya muhuwandu hukuru hwemaapplication akadai sechitoro chezvitoro, kutakura zvinhu uye kuchengetera zvinhu, mabhuku akachengetwa, anti-yekunyepedzera traceability, nezvimwe. Muna 2021 chete, pasi rose. mari yekutumira inopfuura 20 bhiriyoni.Mumashandisirwo anoshanda, chii chaizvo icho chip yeUHF RFID passive tag inotsamira pakupa simba?
Iwo magetsi ekupa maitiro eUHF RFID passive tag
1. Powered by wireless power
Wireless power transmission iri kushandisa wireless electromagnetic radiation kuendesa simba remagetsi kubva kune imwe nzvimbo kuenda kune imwe.Maitiro ekushanda ndeye kushandura simba remagetsi kuita redhiyo frequency simba kuburikidza neredhiyo frequency oscillation, uye redhiyo frequency simba inoshandurwa kuita redhiyo electromagnetic field simba kuburikidza neantenna inotumira.Iyo redhiyo electromagnetic munda simba inopararira nemuchadenga uye inosvika kune inogamuchira antenna, yobva yashandurwa kudzoka kune redhiyo frequency simba neantenna inogamuchira, uye iyo yekuona wave inova DC simba.
Muna 1896, muItaly Guglielmo Marchese Marconi akagadzira redhiyo, iyo yakaona kufambiswa kwemasaini eredhiyo munzvimbo.Muna 1899, American Nikola Tesla akakurudzira zano rekushandisa waya isina kufambisa magetsi, uye akatanga antenna iyo iri 60m-yakakwirira, inductance yakatakurwa mubhodhoro, capacitance yakarongedzerwa kumusoro muColorado, ichishandisa frequency ye150kHz kuisa mazana matatu emagetsi.Inofambisa pamusoro pechinhambwe chinosvika 42km, uye inowana 10kW yemagetsi yekugamuchira isina waya pamagumo ekugamuchira.
UHF RFID passive tag magetsi emagetsi anotevera zano iri, uye muverengi anopa simba kune tag kuburikidza neredhiyo frequency.Nekudaro, pane musiyano muhombe pakati peUHF RFID passive tag magetsi uye Tesla bvunzo: iyo frequency inoda kusvika zviuru gumi zvakapetwa, uye saizi yeantenna yakaderedzwa kane chiuru.Sezvo kurasikirwa kwekutapurirana kusina waya kwakaenzana neskweya yefrequency uye yakaenzana neskweya yechinhambwe, zviri pachena kuti kuwedzera kwekurasikirwa kwekutapurirana kwakakura.Iyo yakapfava isina waya yekuparadzira modhi ndeye yemahara-nzvimbo kuparadzira.Kurasika kwekuparadzira kunopesana neskweya yewavelength yekuparadzira uye inoenzana neskweya yechinhambwe.Iyo yemahara-nzvimbo yekuparadzira kurasikirwa ndeye LS=20lg(4πd/λ).Kana iyo unit yechinhambwe d iri m uye iyo unit yefrequency f iri MHz, ipapo LS= -27.56+20lgd+20lgf.
Iyo UHF RFID sisitimu yakavakirwa pane isina waya simba rekufambisa michina.Iyo passive tag haina magetsi ayo.Inoda kugashira redhiyo frequency simba inoburitswa nemuverengi uye kumisikidza DC magetsi kuburikidza nemagetsi kaviri kugadzirisa, zvinoreva kumisa magetsi eDC kuburikidza neDickson yekuchaja pombi.
Iyo inoshanda yekutaurirana chinhambwe cheiyo UHF RFID mhepo interface inonyanya kutariswa nesimba rekufambisa remuverengi uye kurasikirwa kwekutanga kwekuparadzira munzvimbo.UHF bhendi RFID muverengi wekufambisa simba anowanzo kugumira ku33dBm.Kubva pane yakakosha yekurasikirwa fomula, kufuratira chero kumwe kurasikirwa kunogona kuitika, iyo RF simba inosvika patiki kuburikidza netambo isina waya yekufambisa inogona kuverengerwa.Hukama huri pakati pechinhambwe chekutaurirana cheiyo UHF RFID mhepo yemhepo uye yekutanga kurasikirwa kwekuparadzira uye iyo RF simba inosvika pati inoratidzwa patafura:
| Chinhambwe/m | 1 | 3 | 6 | 10 | 50 | 70 |
| Basic kuparadzira kurasikirwa/dB | 31 | 40 | 46 | 51 | 65 | 68 |
| RF simba rinosvika pa tag | 2 | -7 | -13 | -18 | -32 | -35 |
Inogona kuoneka kubva patafura kuti UHF RFID isina waya yekufambisa magetsi ine hunhu hwekurasikirwa kukuru kwekutapurirana.Sezvo RFID ichienderana nemitemo yenyika yenguva pfupi-yekutaurirana, simba rekutumira remuverengi rine mashoma, saka teki inogona kupa yakaderera simba.Sezvo kureba kwekutaurirana kunowedzera, redhiyo frequency simba inotambirwa neiyo passive tag inodzikira zvichienderana neiyo frequency, uye simba rekupa magetsi rinodzikira nekukurumidza.
2. Shandisa simba rekupa kuburikidza nekuchaja uye kuburitsa pa-chip simba rekuchengetedza capacitors
(1) Capacitor kubhadharisa uye kuburitsa maitiro
Passive tag anoshandisa waya isina waya yekufambisa simba, kuishandura kuita DC voltage, kuchaja uye kuchengeta pa-chip capacitors, uyezve kupa simba kumutoro kuburikidza nekuburitsa.Naizvozvo, iyo magetsi ekupa maitiro eiyo passive tag ndiyo maitiro ecapacitor kuchaja uye kuburitsa.Iyo yekumisikidzwa inzira yakachena yekuchaja, uye maitiro ekupa magetsi ndeyekuburitsa uye yekuwedzera yekuchaja maitiro.Iyo yekuchaja yekuwedzera inofanira kutanga isati yaburitsa voltage yasvika padiki rekupa voltage yechip.
(2) Capacitor charge uye discharge parameters
1) Kuchaja parameters
Nguva yekuchaja: τC=RC×C
Kuchaja voltage:
recharging current:
uko RC ndiyo yekuchaja resistor uye C ndiyo simba rekuchengetedza capacitor.
2) Discharge parameters
Kureba kwenguva: τD=RD×C
Discharge voltage:
Discharge current:
Mune fomula, RD ndiyo inorasa kuramba, uye C ndiyo simba rekuchengetedza capacitor.
Izvo zviri pamusoro zvinoratidza magetsi ekupa maitiro emapassive tag.Haisi inogara voltage sosi kana inogara iripo ikozvino sosi, asi kuchaja uye kuburitsa kwesimba rekuchengetedza capacitor.Kana iyo pa-chip simba rekuchengetedza capacitor ichichajwa pamusoro peiyo inoshanda voltage V0 yechip circuit, inogona kupa simba kune tag.Kana simba rekuchengetedza capacitor richitanga kupa simba, simba rayo rekupa magetsi rinotanga kudonha.Painowira pasi peiyo chip inoshanda voltage V0, iyo simba rekuchengetedza capacitor inorasikirwa nemagetsi ayo ekupa uye chip haigone kuramba ichishanda.Naizvozvo, iyo air interface tag inofanirwa kunge iine kukwana kwakaringana kudzosera tag.
Zvinogona kuoneka kuti magetsi emagetsi epa passive tags akakodzera hunhu hwekuputika kutaurirana, uye simba rekupa passive tags rinodawo rutsigiro rwekuramba uchichaja.
3 Kuenzana kwekupa uye kudiwa
Inoyangarara yekuchaja magetsi ndiyo imwe nzira yekupa magetsi, uye inoyangarara yekuchaja simba rekupa simba inochinjirwa kune yekuburitsa simba.Asi vese vane dambudziko rakafanana, ndiko kuti, magetsi eUHF RFID passive tag anoda kuyera kugovera uye kudiwa.
(1) Kugovera uye kuda chiyero chemagetsi ekupa maitiro ekuputika kutaurirana
Iyo yazvino chiyero ISO/IEC18000-6 yeUHF RFID passive tags ndeyeiyo burst communication system.Kune passive tag, hapana chiratidzo chinofambiswa panguva yekugamuchira.Kunyangwe iyo nguva yekupindura inogamuchira inotakura wave, yakaenzana nekuwana iyo oscillation sosi, saka inogona kutorwa sebasa rakareruka.Way.Kune ichi chishandiso, kana nguva yekugamuchira ichishandiswa senguva yekuchaja yesimba rekuchengetedza capacitor, uye nguva yekupindura ndiyo nguva yekuburitsa yesimba rekuchengetedza capacitor, iyo yakaenzana huwandu hwekuchaja uye kuburitsa kuchengetedza chiyero chekugovera uye kudiwa kunova. mamiriro anodiwa kuchengetedza kushanda kwakajairika kwehurongwa.Inogona kuzivikanwa kubva kumagetsi emagetsi eiyo yataurwa pamusoro UHF RFID passive tag kuti magetsi eiyo UHF RFID passive tag haisi yenguva dzose kwazvino sosi kana inogara voltage sosi.Kana iyo tag simba rekuchengetedza capacitor ichibhadhariswa kune voltage yakakwira kupfuura yakajairika yekushanda voltage yedunhu, magetsi anotanga;apo iyo tag simba rekuchengetedza capacitor inoregedzerwa kune voltage yakaderera pane yakajairika inoshanda voltage yedunhu, magetsi anomiswa.
Pakutaurirana kwekuputika, senge passive tag UHF RFID air interface, iyo charge inogona kubhadhariswa tegi isati yatumira mhinduro kuputika, zvakakwana kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti magetsi akakwana anogona kuchengetedzwa kusvika mhinduro yapera.Naizvozvo, mukuwedzera kune yakasimba yakakwana redhiyo frequency radiation iyo tegi inogona kugashira, iyo chip inodiwa zvakare kuve nehombe yakakwana pa-chip capacitance uye yakareba yakakwana yekuchaja nguva.Iyo tag yekupindura mashandisirwo emagetsi uye nguva yekupindura inofanirawo kuchinjirwa.Nekuda kwechinhambwe pakati peteki nemuverengi, nguva yekupindura yakasiyana, nzvimbo yesimba rekuchengetedza capacitor ishoma uye zvimwe zvinhu, zvingave zvakaoma kuenzanisa kugovera uye kudiwa mukukamuranisa nguva.
(2) Inoyangarara magetsi emagetsi maitiro ekuenderera mberi kutaurirana
Kuti urambe uchitaurirana, kuitira kuchengetedza simba risingapindiki remagetsi ekuchengetedza capacitor, inofanira kubudiswa uye kubhadharwa panguva imwe chete, uye kumhanya kwekuchaja kwakafanana nekumhanya kwekuburitsa, ndiko kuti, simba rekupa simba rinochengetwa pamberi. kutaurirana kunogumiswa.
Passive tag code division radio frequency identification uye UHF RFID passive tag yazvino chiyero ISO/IEC18000-6 vane zvakajairika maitiro.Iyo tag inogamuchira nyika inoda kuderedzwa uye kudhindwa, uye mamiriro ekupindura anoda kugadziridzwa uye kutumirwa.Nokudaro, inofanira kugadzirwa maererano nekukurukurirana kunopfuurira.Tag chip simba rekupa system.Kuti chiyero chekuchaja chifanane nechiyero chekuburitsa, mazhinji esimba anogamuchirwa netag anofanira kushandiswa pakuchaja.
Yakagovaniswa RF zviwanikwa
1. RF kumberi-kumagumo kune passive tags
Passive ma tag haango shandiswe chete sesimba sosi yema tag uye makadhi kune redhiyo frequency simba kubva kuvaverengi, asi zvakanyanya kukosha, iyo yekuraira chiratidzo chekufambisa kubva kumuverengi kuenda kune tag uye yekupindura chiratidzo chekufambisa kubva kune tag kuenda kumuverengi ndizvo. yakaitwa kuburikidza newireless data transmission.Iyo redhiyo frequency simba inotambirwa neiyo teki inofanira kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu, izvo zvakateerana zvinoshandiswa kuti chip imise magetsi, dhiza chiratidzo (kusanganisira chiratidzo chekuraira uye wachi yekuwiriranisa) uye nekupa mhinduro inotakura.
Maitiro ekushanda eiyo yazvino chiyero UHF RFID ine anotevera maitiro: iyo downlink chiteshi inotora nzira yekutepfenyura, uye iyo uplink chiteshi inotora maitiro e-multi-tag kugovera imwe-channel kutevedzana mhinduro.Naizvozvo, maererano nekufambiswa kwemashoko, ndeye simplex mode yekushanda.Nekudaro, sezvo iyo teki pachayo isingakwanise kupa iyo inotakura mutakuri, iyo tag mhinduro inoda kupa mutakuri nerubatsiro rwemuverengi.Naizvozvo, kana iyo tegi ichipindura, sekureva kwemamiriro ekutumira ane chekuita, migumo yese yekutaurirana iri mune duplex inoshanda mamiriro.
Munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekushanda, zvikamu zvedunhu zvinoiswa mukushanda netag zvakasiyana, uye simba rinodiwa kuti matunhu akasiyana ematunhu ashande akasiyanawo.Simba rese rinobva paredhiyo frequency simba inotambirwa netag.Naizvozvo, zvinodikanwa kudzora kugoverwa kwesimba reRF zvine musoro uye pazvinenge zvakakodzera.
2. RF simba rekushandisa mumaawa ekushanda akasiyana
Kana iyo teki ichipinda mundima yemuverengi yeRF uye yotanga kuvaka simba, zvisinei kuti muverengi anotumira chiratidzo chipi panguva ino, iyo teki inopa iyo yese yakagamuchirwa RF simba kune voltage-yakapetwa kaviri rectifier wedunhu kubhadharisa iyo-chip simba rekuchengetedza capacitor. , nekudaro kumisa magetsi eiyo chip.
Kana muverengi achitumira chiratidzo chekuraira, chiratidzo chemuverengi chekufambisa chiratidzo chakavharidzirwa nedhata rekuraira uye amplitude yakagadziridzwa neyakapararira spectrum sequence.Kune zvinhu zvinotakura uye zvikamu zvepadivi zvinomiririra dhata rekuraira uye kuparadzira spectrum sequence muchiratidzo chinogamuchirwa neti.Iyo yakazara simba, inotakura simba, uye sideband zvikamu zvechiratidzo chakagamuchirwa zvine chekuita nemodulation.Panguva ino, chikamu chemodulation chinoshandiswa kufambisa ruzivo rwekuwiriranisa kwemurairo uye kupararira kwechiratidziro kutevedzana, uye simba rose rinoshandiswa kubhadharisa pa-chip simba rekuchengetedza capacitor, iyo panguva imwe chete inotanga kupa simba kune-chip. synchronization yekuwedzera wedunhu uye chiratidzo chekuraira demodulation wedunhu unit.Naizvozvo, panguva iyo muverengi anotumira rairo, redhiyo frequency simba inotambirwa tegi inoshandiswa kuti teki ienderere mberi kuchaja, kubvisa chiratidzo chekubatanidza, dhiza uye kuona chiratidzo chekuraira.Iyo tag simba rekuchengetedza capacitor iri munzvimbo inoyangarara yekuchaja magetsi ekupa.
Kana iyo teki ichipindura muverengi, iyo inofambiswa chiratidzo chemuverengi chiratidzo chinogadziriswa neamplitude yekupararira spectrum kupararira spectrum chip rate sub-rate wachi.Muchiratidzo chinotambirwa neiyo teki, pane zvinhu zvinotakura uye zvikamu zvebhendi zvinomiririra kupararira chip rate sub-rate wachi.Panguva ino, iyo modulation chikamu chinoshandiswa kufambisa iyo chip chiyero uye chiyero chewachi ruzivo rwekupararira spectrum sequence, uye iyo yakazara simba rinoshandiswa kubhadharisa pa-chip simba rekuchengetedza capacitor uye modulate yakagamuchirwa data uye kutumira mhinduro kune muverengi.Iyo chip synchronization yekuwedzera wedunhu uye yekupindura chiratidzo modulation redunhu unit inopa simba.Naizvozvo, panguva iyo muverengi anogamuchira mhinduro, iyo teki inogamuchira redhiyo frequency simba uye inoshandiswa kuti teki irambe ichichaja, iyo chip synchronization siginecha inotorwa uye data remhinduro rinogadziriswa uye mhinduro inotumirwa.Iyo tag simba rekuchengetedza capacitor iri munzvimbo inoyangarara yekuchaja magetsi ekupa mamiriro.
Muchidimbu, pamusoro peiyo teki inopinda muRF ndima yemuverengi uye kutanga kumisikidza nguva yemagetsi, iyo teki inopa iyo yese yakagashirwa simba reRF kune voltage-doubling rectifier wedunhu kubhadharisa pa-chip simba rekuchengetedza capacitor, nekudaro kumisa. chip simba rekupa.Zvadaro, iyo tegi inobvisa kuwiriranisa kubva kune yakagamuchirwa redhiyo frequency siginecha, inoshandisa kuraira dhizaini, kana modulates uye kutumira data remhinduro, ese anoshandisa yakagamuchirwa redhiyo frequency simba.
3. RF simba rinodiwa kune akasiyana maapplication
(1) RF simba rinodiwa kune isina waya yekufambisa magetsi
Wireless magetsi ekufambisa inogadza magetsi eiyo tag, saka inoda ari maviri akakwana voltage kutyaira chip wedunhu, uye yakakwana simba uye inoenderera simba rekupa simba.
Iyo magetsi ekutumira magetsi isina waya ndeyekumisikidza magetsi nekugamuchira iyo RF yemunda simba remuverengi uye voltage kaviri kugadzirisa kana tag isina magetsi.Naizvozvo, kugamuchira kwayo kunzwisiswa kunogumira nekudonha kwevoltage yepamberi-yekupedzisira yekuona diode chubhu.Kune machipisi eCMOS, kunzwisiswa kwekugashira kwevoltage kaviri kudzokororwa kuri Pakati -11 uye -0.7dBm, ndiyo bhodhoro rema tag.
(2) RF simba rinodiwa pakugamuchira chiratidzo chekuonekwa
Nepo gadziriso yemagetsi yakapetwa kaviri ichimisikidza chip simba rekupa, iyo teki inoda kupatsanura chikamu cheyakagamuchirwa redhiyo frequency simba kuti ipe chiratidzo chekuona dunhu, kusanganisira yekuraira chiratidzo chekuona uye synchronous wachi yekuona.Nekuti kucherechedzwa kwechiratidzo kunoitwa pasi pemamiriro ekuti magetsi etiki akaiswa, iyo demodulation senitivity haina kuganhurirwa nekudonha kwevoltage yekumberi-yekupedzisira yekuona diode chubhu, saka iyo yekugamuchira senitivity yakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura iyo isina waya simba. kutapurirana kunogamuchira kunzwa, uye ndekwechiratidzo cheamplitude yekuona, uye hapana simba resimba rinodiwa.
(3) RF simba rinodiwa kune tag mhinduro
Kana iyo teki ichipindura kutumira, pamusoro pekuona wachi inopindirana, inodawo kuita pseudo-PSK modulation pane inotakurwa inotakura (ine wachi modulation envelopu) uye kuona reverse kutapurirana.Panguva ino, imwe nhanho yesimba inodiwa, uye kukosha kwayo kunoenderana nekureba kwemuverengi kune tag uye nekunzwa kwemuverengi kugamuchira.Sezvo nharaunda yekushanda yemuverengi ichibvumira kushandiswa kwemamwe madhizaini akaomarara, mugamuchiri anogona kuita yakaderera-ruzha kumberi-kumagumo dhizaini, uye iyo kodhi yekuparadzanisa redhiyo frequency kuzivikanwa inoshandisa kupararira spectrum modulation, pamwe nekuparadzira spectrum kuwana uye PSK system kuwana. , kunzwisiswa kwemuverengi kunogona kugadzirwa kuti kuve kwakakwirira zvakakwana.Saka kuti zvinodiwa zvechiratidzo chekudzoka kwechinyorwa zvakaderedzwa zvakakwana.
Kupfupisa, iyo redhiyo frequency simba inotambirwa neiyo teki inonyanya kugoverwa seiyo isina waya magetsi ekufambisa magetsi kaviri kugadzirisa simba, uyezve huwandu hwakakodzera hwetag chiratidzo chetanho yekuona uye huwandu hwakakodzera hwekudzoka modulation simba inogoverwa kuwana simba rinonzwisisika. kugovera uye chengetedza kuenderera kwekuchaja kwesimba rekuchengetedza capacitor.dhizaini inogoneka uye inonzwisisika.
Zvinogona kuoneka kuti redhiyo frequency simba inogashirwa nepassive tag ine akasiyana maapplication, saka redhiyo frequency simba rekugovera dhizaini inodiwa;zvinodiwa zvekushandisa redhiyo frequency simba munguva dzakasiyana dzekushanda zvakasiyana, saka zvinodikanwa kuve neredhiyo frequency simba rekugovera dhizaini zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvenguva dzakasiyana dzekushanda;Zvishandiso zvakasiyana zvine zvinodiwa zvakasiyana zvesimba reRF, pakati peiyo isina waya yekufambisa magetsi inoda simba rakawanda, saka RF simba rekugovaniswa rinofanira kutarisa pane zvinodiwa zvekutepfenyura magetsi asina waya.
UHF RFID passive tags inoshandisa isina waya simba kufambisa kumisa tag magetsi ekupa.Naizvozvo, simba rekupa magetsi rakaderera zvakanyanya uye simba rekupa simba harina kusimba.Iyo tag chip inofanirwa kugadzirwa ine yakaderera simba rekushandisa.Iyo chip circuit inofambiswa nekuchaja uye kuburitsa iyo pa-chip simba rekuchengetedza capacitor.Nokudaro, kuitira kuti uve nechokwadi chekushanda kwechinyorwa, simba rekuchengetedza capacitor rinofanira kuramba richibhadharwa.Iyo redhiyo frequency simba inotambirwa neiyo tag ine matatu akasiyana maapplication: voltage-doubling rectification yemagetsi, yekuraira chiratidzo chekugamuchira uye demodulation, uye yekupindura chiratidzo modulation uye kutapurirana.Pakati pavo, kunzwisiswa kwekugashira kwevoltage-doubling rectification kunodzikiswa nekudonha kwevoltage ye rectifier diode, inova yemhepo interface.bottleneck.Nechikonzero ichi, kugamuchira chiratidzo uye dhizaini uye yekupindura chiratidzo modulation uye kutapurirana ndiwo akakosha mabasa ayo iyo RFID system inofanirwa kuona.Kusimba kwesimba rekupa simba reiyo voltage doubler rectifier tag, ndiko kuwedzera kukwikwidza chigadzirwa.Naizvozvo, chiyero chekugovera zvine hungwaru simba rakagamuchirwa reRF mukugadzirwa kweiyo tag system ndeyekuwedzera iyo RF simba rekupa nevoltage doubler rectification zvakanyanya sezvinobvira pachinzvimbo chekuona kuderedzwa kwechiratidzo chakagamuchirwa uye kutapurirana kwemhinduro. chiratidzo.
Nguva yekutumira: Sep-02-2022