Akụkọ

Ọgụgụ na ide anya nke njirimara ugboro redio (RFID) na-adabere n'ọtụtụ ihe, dị ka ike nnyefe nke onye na-agụ RFID, uru antenna nke onye na-agụ ya, nghọta nke onye na-agụ IC, arụmọrụ antenna zuru ezu nke onye na-agụ ya. , Ihe ndị gbara ya gburugburu (karịsịa ihe igwe) na nnyonye anya ugboro redio (RF) sitere n'aka ndị na-agụ RFID dị nso ma ọ bụ ndị na-ebugharị mpụga ndị ọzọ dị ka ekwentị enweghị eriri.

N'ime ha, uru antenna bụ ihe dị mkpa na-emetụta ọgụgụ na ide anya nke onye na-agụ RFID.Uru erimeri na-ezo aka n'oke njupụta ike nke mgbama sitere na antenna n'ezie na ngalaba radieshon dị mma n'otu ebe na oghere n'okpuru ọnọdụ nke ike ntinye nha nha.Uru antenna bụ ihe dị oke mkpa maka nnwale nnweta netwọkụ, nke na-egosi nrụzi nke antenna na ntinye nke ike mgbama.Ogo nke uru ahụ na-emetụta mkpuchi na ike nke mgbama na-ebufe site na antenna.Ka isi lobe dị warara na obere akụkụ akụkụ ahụ, ka ike na-etinyekwu uche ga-adị, na uru antenna ga-adị elu.N'ikwu okwu n'ozuzu, mmụba nke uru na-adabere na ibelata obosara lobe nke radieshon na ntụzịaka kwụ ọtọ, ebe ị na-ejigide ọrụ radieshon omnidirectional n'ime ụgbọ elu kwụ ọtọ.

Isi ihe atọ iji mara

1. Ọ gwụla ma akọwapụtara n'ụzọ ọzọ, uru antenna na-ezo aka na uru na ntụziaka radieshon kachasị;
2. N'okpuru otu ọnọdụ ahụ, uru ahụ dị elu, nke ka mma na-eduzi ya, na ebe dị anya nke mgbasa ozi redio, ya bụ, ebe dị anya na-ekpuchi.Otú ọ dị, a gaghị ejikọta obosara nke ebili mmiri na-efegharị, na nke dị warara nke lobe ebili mmiri, na-akawanye njọ nke mkpuchi mkpuchi.
3. antenna bụ ngwaọrụ na-agafe agafe na ọ gaghị abawanye ike nke mgbaàmà.A na-ekwukarị uru erimeri na-adabere na ụfọdụ antenna ntụnye aka.Uru antenna bụ naanị ikike itinye uche nke ọma nke ọma iji nwuo ma ọ bụ nata ebili mmiri electromagnetic n'otu akụkụ.

Enweta Antenna na Nyefee Ike

A na-eziga nsonaazụ mgbama ugboro redio site na nnyefe redio gaa na antenna site na eriri (USB), na antenna na-amụba ya n'ụdị ebili mmiri electromagnetic.Mgbe ebili mmiri electromagnetic rutere ebe a na-anata, a na-enweta ya site na antenna (naanị obere akụkụ nke ike ka a na-enweta), ma ziga ya na onye na-anata redio site na feeder.Ya mere, na injinia netwọk ikuku, ọ dị ezigbo mkpa ịgbakọ ike nnyefe nke ngwaọrụ na-ebufe na ike radieshon nke antenna.

Ike a na-ekesa nke ebili mmiri redio na-ezo aka na ike dị n'ime usoro ugboro ole enyere, ma a na-enwekarị usoro abụọ ma ọ bụ ụkpụrụ nha:

Ike (W)

N'ihe metụtara 1 Watts (Watts) larịị larịị.

Nweta (dBm)

N'ihe metụtara nha nha nke 1 milliwatt (Milliwatt).

Enwere ike ịtụgharị okwu abụọ ahụ na ibe ha:

dBm = 10 x log[ike mW]

mW = 10 ^ [Nweta dBm / 10 dBm]

N'ime sistemụ ikuku, a na-eji antennas gbanwee ebili mmiri dị ugbu a ka ọ bụrụ ebili mmiri electromagnetic.N'oge usoro ntughari, akara ndị a na-ebufe na enwetara nwekwara ike "ịkwalite".A na-akpọ ihe nrịbawanye ike a "Gain".A na-atụ uru antenna na "dBi".

Ebe ọ bụ na a na-emepụta ike ikuku electromagnetic na sistemu ikuku site na mmụba na oke nke ike na-ebufe ngwaọrụ na antenna, ọ kacha mma iji otu nha nha (dB) tụọ ike na-ebugharị, dịka ọmụmaatụ, ike nke ngwaọrụ nnyefe bụ 100mW, ma ọ bụ 20dBm;uru antenna bụ 10dBi, yabụ:

Na-ebufe mkpokọta ike = ike ibufe (dBm) + uru antenna (dBi)
= 20dBm + 10dBi
= 30dBm
Ma ọ bụ: = 1000mW = 1W

Mebie “ taya” ahụ, ka mgbama ahụ na-etinyekwu uche, ka uru ahụ na-abawanye, nha antenna na-ebuwanye ibu, yana bandwidi beam dị warara.
Akụrụngwa ule bụ isi iyi mgbama, ihe nyocha ụdịdị ma ọ bụ ihe mgbama ndị ọzọ na-anata akụrụngwa yana radiator isi iyi.
Buru ụzọ were ezigbo antenna radieshon isi iyi dị mma (ihe dị mma) iji tinye ike;wee jiri spectrum analyzer ma ọ bụ ngwaọrụ nnabata iji nwalee ike enwetara n'ebe dị anya site na antenna.Ike a tụrụ atụ bụ P1;
Dochie antenna n'okpuru ule, gbakwunye otu ike ahụ, megharịa ule dị n'elu n'otu ọnọdụ ahụ, na ike a tụrụ atụ bụ P2;
Gbakọọ uru: G=10Log(P2/P1)——N'ụzọ dị otú a, a na-enweta uru nke antenna.

N'ịchịkọta, enwere ike ịhụ na antenna bụ ngwaọrụ na-agafe agafe na enweghị ike ịmepụta ike.Uru antenna bụ naanị ikike itinye uche n'ụzọ dị irè iji gbasaa ma ọ bụ nata ebili mmiri electromagnetic n'otu akụkụ;uru nke antenna na-emepụta site na superposition nke oscillators.Nke dị elu karịa uru, ogologo antenna ogologo.A na-abawanye uru site na 3dB, a na-ejikwa ụda olu okpukpu abụọ;ka erimeri nke dị elu dị elu, ka ọ na-akawanye mma, ka ebe dị anya ịgụ ihe, ka ike na-etinyekwu uche, na-adị warara na lobes, na-ebelata ọnụ ọgụgụ ọgụgụ.NkeAka-enweghị ikuku RFID ejiri akanwere ike ịkwado uru antenna 4dbi, ike mmepụta RF nwere ike iru 33dbm, na anya ọgụgụ nwere ike iru 20m, nke nwere ike izute njirimara na gụọ ihe achọrọ nke ọtụtụ ngwa ngwa na ụlọ nkwakọba ihe.